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Legislature  du  Quebec 
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filmaga. 


Original  eopiaa  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
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othar  original  eopiaa  ara  filmed  beginning  on  the 
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d'impreaaion  ou  d'ilib^  ^   Jon,  aoit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  le  caa.  Toua  laa  autrea  exemplairaa 
originaux  aont  fllmte  mi  commanpant  par  la 
pramlAre  paga  qui  comporta  une  empreinte 
d'impreaaion  ou  d'illuatration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darnlAre  paga  qui  comporta  une  telle 
empreinte. 


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TINUED ").  or  the  symbol  V  (meanirj  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  dea  aymbolee  auh^anta  apparattra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
caa:  la  symboie  -^  signifie  "A  SUiVRE",  le 
aymbole  ▼  signifie  "FIN". 


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different  reduction  retioa.  Thoae  too  large  to  be 
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beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  framea  aa 
required.  The  following  diagrama  illustrate  the 
method: 


Lea  cartee,  planchee,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmia  i  dee  taux  d»  reduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raproduit  an  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  fiimA  A  partir 
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et  de  haut  en  liaa,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imegea  nAcaaaaire.  Laa  diagrammea  suivanta 
illuatrant  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

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BULLETIN  OF  THE  GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 

Vol.  2,  pp.  477-602,  PL.  20 


ON  THE  GEOLOGY  OF  QUEBEC  AND  ENSTIRONS 


BT 


HENPY  M.  AMI,  OF  THE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OP  CANADA 


ROCHESTER 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY 

April,  1891 


Intr 
Tlie 
Des( 


Cone 
i^istr 


Disci 


BULLETIN  OF  THE  GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 

Vol.  2,  pp.  477-502,  PL.  20.  APRIL  30,  1891 


ON  THE  GEOLOGY  OF  QUEBEC  AND  ENVIRONS. 

BY   HENRY   M.   AMI,   OP  THE  GEOLOGTCAL  SURVEY   OP  CANADA. 

{Read  bK/ore  the  Society  December  31,  1890.) 

CONTENTS. 

PRge. 

Introduction 478 

The  Terranes  exposed  iibout  Quebec 480 

Description  of  the  Terranes 481 

The  Lnurentian  or  Archean 481 

The  Trenton - 482 

Lorette — 482 

Charlesbourg 482 

Beauport . 483 

Montmorency 483 

Pointe-aux-Trenibles -.. 484 

The  Utica 484 

Distribution 484 

Montmorency 4S5 

Beauport 485 

Charlesbourg 485 

Pointe-aux-Trembles 486 

The  Lorraine -..  486 

General  Character  and  Distribution . ... 486 

St.  Nicholas 487 

Cote  Sauvageau 487 

Montmorency  Falls 487 

The  Quebec 487 

The  Quebec  Massif 487 

Cote  de  la  Ndgresse 488 

Montcalm  Market 488 

Between  Drill  Shed  and  Grande  Alleo 489 

Review 490 

The  Levis 491 

TheSillery 493 

Conclusion 493 

Distribution  of  Genera  and  Species ._ 495 

Discussion 501 


IjXX— Hum,,  (inoi..  Sdc.  Am.,  Vot.  2,  1890. 


(477) 


Introduction. 

The  purpose  of  thig  paper  is  to  give  a  brief  resume  of  tlie  conclusions 
arrived  at  by  the  writer  respecting  the  different  faunas  included  in  the  dif- 
ferent terranes  in  and  about  Quebec  city.  These  conchisious  are  based  upon 
an  examination  of  several  recent  collections  of  fossils  (made  by  Mr.  Weston 
in  1877,  1887  and  1890 ;  by  Dr.  Ells,  I'Abbe  Laflamnie  and  Mr.  Giroux  in 
1888;  by  Mr.  St.  Cyr  in  1888,  1889  and  1890;  and  by  the  writer  in  1886, 
1887,  1888  and  1890)  and  upon  an  examination  of  the  extensive  collections 
and  material  which  Sir  William  Logan  and  Mr.  Billings  made  use  of  in 
describing  the  geology  and  paleontology  of  this  interesting  though  compli- 
cated region. 

The  localities  from  which  the  collections  above  mentioned  were  made  are 
all  included  within  a  radius  of  about  fifteen  miles  from  Quebec  city  as  a 
center.     The  following  localities  are  included : 

I.   Quebec  City  (northern  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence). 

a.  Between  the  drill  shed  and  Grande  allee. 

b.  100  yards  south  of  Montcalm  market. 

c.  St.  John  street,  numbers  71  and  73. 

d.  Cote  d' Abraham. 

e.  Cote  de  la  Negresse. 
/.  Cote  Sauvageau, 

ff.  The  coal  fields. 

II.  Levis  (southern  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence). 

a.  I.  C.  R.  cutting. 

b.  Road  from  Levis  to  St.  Joseph. 

c.  150  yards  west  of  b. 

d.  Cliff  south  of  Carriere  and  Lainy's  foundry. 

e.  City  hall,  Levis. 

/.  Near  toll-gate,  South  Quebec. 

g.  Between  toll-gate  and  Victoria  hotel,  South  Quebec. 

III.  Montmorencrj  Falls  (northern  shore). 

a.  Above  the  falls ;  Trenton  limestone,  etc. ;  left  bank. 

b.  Above  and  close  to  the  falls  ;  right  bank. 

c.  Ravine  below  the  falls;  left  bank  (limestones). 

d.  Ravine  below  the  falls;  left  bank  (shales). 

e.  Gorge  between  the  steps  and  mouth  of  river. 
/.  Mouth  of  the  river ;  East  point. 

(478) 


LOCALlflKS    VIIOLUINU    THE   COLLECTIONS. 


479 


usions 
be  dif- 

upon 
i^eston 
)ux  in 

1886, 
ctioiis 

of  in 
)nipli- 

le  are 

y  as  a 


IV.  Beauport  {northern  shore) ;  Parent's  quarries. 

a.  In  shales. 

b.  In  limestones, 

V.  Charlesbourg  (north  of  Quebec  City). 

a.  Tenipleman's  quarry. 

b.  50  yards  south  of  Charlesbourg  church. 

c.  1  mile  west  of  village. 

VI.  Lorette  (falls  of  St.  Charles  river). 

a.  In  the  upper  thinly  bedded  limestones, 

b.  In  the  lower  heavier  bedded  limestones. 

VII.  Island  of  Orleans  (east  of  Quebec  city). 

a.  False  point  (limestones  and  shales). 

b.  Near  Bel-Air  hotel  (shales). 

VIII.  8t.  Nicholas  (southern  shore). 
Two  miles  above  the  village. 


IX.  Pointe-aux- Trembles,  Quebec. 


In  bituminous  shales. 
In  limestone  beds. 


The  fossil  remains  obtained  from  these  localities  have  been  identified  in 
so  far  as  the  mode  of  preservation  aud  condition  of  the  specimens  permit. 
The  collections  made  by  Mr.  Weston  in  1890  have  not  yet  been  examined 
as  critically  as  might  be  desired,  but  they  only  serve  to  intensify  the  results 
obtained  in  the  examination  of  previously  obtained  material. 

The  researches  of  Sir  William  Logan,  Mr.  Billings,  Dr.  Sterry  Hunt,  Dr. 
Selwyn,  Sir  William  Dawson,  Professor  James  Hall,  Professor  Emmons, 
Professor  Walcott,  Professor  Marcou,  Dr.  Ells,  Professor  Lapworth,  and 
many  others,  on  the  geology  of  Quebec  and  its  environs,  have  made  that 
region  classic  ground  to  the  student  of  North  American  geology.  The 
famous  Quebec  group  controversy,  as  well  as  its  closely  related  friends,  the 
Tacouic  question  in  geology  and  the  Lorraine-Hudson  River  problem,  are 
all  involved  in  the  geologic  history  of  Quebec.  Much  diversity  of  opinion 
has  existed  as  to  the  exact  geological  position  of  some  of  the  terranes  at  and 
about  Quebec  city,  as  also  along  the  whole  line  of  the  great  Appalachian  or 
St,  Lawrenoe-Champlain  fault ;  and  this  is  not  at  all  astonishing,  seeing  that 


480 


H,  M.  AMI — TIIIC   GKULOOY   OF    (iUJiBKC. 


profound  dislocations  exist,  intricate  foldings  of  strata  occur,  and  several  ter- 
ranes  are  met  along  a  comparatively  short  section,  faulted  and  folded  together 
in  anything  but  a  simple  manner,  which  require  exceedingly  detailed  and 
careful  examination  before  satisfactory  conclusions  are  arrived  at. 

The  rocks  forming  the  Citadel  hill  or  promontory  of  Quebec  (Cape  Dia- 
mond) have  been  assigned  to  different  positions  in  the  geological  scale  by 
different  writers  at  different  times.  An  interesting  review  of  their  views  is 
given  in  Dr.  Ells'  last  report  to  Dr.  Selwyn  (1888),  and  published  by  the 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada,  wliich  extends  from  Dr.  Bigsby's  paper  (1827), 
down  to  Professor  Lapworth's  report,  etc.,  {)ublished  in  the  "Transactions  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  Canada  "  (1887).  These  Quebec  rocks  have  been  re- 
ferred by  Logan  to  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group  (Lfivis  division),  by  others 
to  ".Utica-Trenton,"  "  Trenton-Utica,"  "  Utica-Hudson  "  and  "  Lorraine  " 
age,  while  still  others,  and  the  majority  at  present,  regard  them  as  newer 
than  the  Trenton  limestone,  L  e.,  as  of  "  Hudson  River  "  age,  or  newer  than 
the  Utica  terrane,  and  forming  part  and  parcel  of  an  extensive  series  of  sedi- 
mentary strata  classed  under  the  term  "  Hudson  terrane." 

I  shall  not  attempt  to  enter  into  a  discussion  of  the  views  held  by  geolo- 
gists, both  in  Canada  and  in  the  United  States,  in  this  matter.  Such  a  task 
I  had  to  undertake  and  accomplish  for  myself  previous  to  this,  and  I  will 
not  burden  the  Society  with  it  on  this  occasion.  I  wish  merely  to  call  at- 
tention to  a  number  of  plain  facts  obtained  in  the  field  and  from  an  examina- 
tion of  extensive  collections  of  fossils.  When  series  of  strata  are  found  lying 
between  dislocations  and  faults,  presenting  no  clear  stratigraphical  relations 
to  the  adjoining  strata,  the  lithological  character  of  the  beds  along  with 
paleontological  evidence  must  necessarily  come  in  to  assist  us  in  ascertaining 
the  definite  horizon  to  which  they  belong.  With  the  aid  of  these  criteria 
some  interesting  notes  have  been  obtained. 

The  Terranes  exposed  about  Quebec. 

The  rocks  about  Quebec  city  and  within  the  scope  of  this  paper  (leaving 
out  of  consideration  the  "glacial"  and  "marine"  clays  of  post-Tertiary 
times)  include  the  following  series  of  well-marked  natural  divisions  : 


lurentian 
or    ■ 


Jt;     Archean 


IL 

Quebec  massif. 

Levis. 

Sillery. 


If 


IIL 


Lorraine. 
s  -1  Utica. 
Trenton. 


u 
^ 


Vi 


These  seven  terranes  are  clearly  seen  in  a  section  from  Lorette  or  Charles- 
bourg  southward  through  the  city  of  Quebec  and  across  the  St.  Lawrence 


•4 


THE   TEKIUNES   AND   THEIU   STRUCTURAL    RELATIONS. 


481 


eral  ter- 
together 
iled  and 

ape  Dia- 

scale  by 
•  views  is 
d  by  the 
r  (1827), 
ictions  of 

been  re- 
jy  others 
lorraine" 
as  newer 
swer  than 
3S  of  sedi- 

by  geolo- 
ch  a  task 
lud  I  will 

0  call  at- 
examina- 
und  lying 

1  relations 
long  with 
jertaining 
e  criteria 


r  (leaving 
it-Tertiary 


IS : 


3r  Charles- 
Lawrence 


at  Point  L6vis.     They  occur  in  the  following  geographical  succession,  begin- 
ning toward  the  north : 

1.  Laurentian  or  Archean. 

2.  Trenton. 

3.  Utica. 

4.  Lorraine. 

5.  Quebec  (massif). 

6.  Levis. 

7.  Sillery. 

Between  the  Laurentian  and  Trenton  terranes,  numbers  1  and  2,  there 
occur  an  unconformity  and  an  overlap,  as  seen  at  Lorette  and  Charlesbourg. 
There  we  find  the  Trenton  directly  overlain  by  the  Utica  terrane,  which  is 
in  turn  overlain  by  the  Lorraine  shales — in  the  district  lying  between  Lorette 
and  Cote  Sauvageau,  Quebec  city, — these  three  affording  a  regular  ascending 
series  of  sedimentary  strata,  whose  characters  are  readily  seen  and  recognized 
throughout  the  region  in  question.  Then  follow  toward  the  south  the  cal- 
careo-bituminous  rocks,  indurated  shales,  compact  limestones,  and  conglom- 
erate bands  which  form  the  Quebec  city  massif,  bounded  on  the  north  by  a 
thrust  fault  which  brings  thera  against  the  disturbed  and  twisted  edges  of  the 
Lorraine  shales,  and  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  St.  Lawrence  river  and 
another  fault  which  brings  thera  in  contact  with  the  Sillery  rocks  toward  the 
southwest  and  with  the  Levis  toward  the  southeast.  On  the  southern  side 
'  of  the  St.  Lawrence  we  finr'  next  the  Levis  shales,  limestones  and  conglom- 
erate bands  coming  in  over  the  Sillery  shaler^  (red,  green  and  gray)  and 
sandstones,  with  which  they  are  folded  and  faulted  many  times.  Taking 
these  terranes  in  their  natural  and  present  geographical  order  as  above,  they 
may  be  described  in  detail. 

I|P  Description  of  the  Terranes. 

The  Laurentian  or  Archean. — Granites  and  gneisses,  hornblendic  and 

micaceous  rocks  of  usual  occurrence  in  the  lowest  divisions  of  this  system  of 

rocks,  are  met  with  at  Montmorency  falls  underlying  the  Trenton  limestone; 

at  Lorette  falls,  below  the  lowest  beds  of  Trenton  limestone  there  exposed ; 

and  also  north  of  Charlesbourg  village  and  quarries,  presenting  a  series  of 

.■     more  or  less  elevated  rounded  bosses  which,  toward  the  west,  north  and  east, 

'     develop  into  hills  and  mountains  of  greater  magnitude,  Avhose  southern  limit 

i.     in  the  Quebec  city  region  and  vicinity  seems  to  mark  the  line  of  an  ancient 

escarpment,  which  predicates  the  existence  of  an  extensive  dislocation  in 

the  Archean  crust  and  accounts  for  the  peculiar  absence  of  that  series  south 

J.    of  this  line.     Mr.  A.  P.  Low,  of  the  Canadian  Geological  Survey,  is  now 

engaged  in  mapping  the  geological  features  of  the  Archean  area  north  of 


482 


II.   M.  AMI — TlIK   (iKOLOCiY    OK    (iUJCBIX;. 


Quebec,  and  Dr.  Selwyn  hiva  placed  an  iiitorcstiiig  collection  of  these  rocks, 
made  by  Mr.  Weston  at  Montmorency  falls,  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Ferrier, 
who  will  discuss  their  lithological  and  petrographical  characters  in  the  near 
future. 

The  Trenton,:  Lorette. — At  Lorette  falls,  on  St.  Charles  river,  the  Trenton 
limestones  are  seen  to  rest  unconformably  over  the  Laurentian.  They  con- 
sist at  the  top  of  thinly  bedded,  impure  limestones,  holding  a  number  of 
characteiistic  fosssls,  including — 


Stmphomena  alternata ; 
Leptwna  sericeii ; 
Orthia  tesludbiar'm ; 


Bellerophon  bilobatiis; 
Trinudeaa  concentricua ; 
Illwnus,  sp.  und. 


There  are  some  fifty  feet  of  strata  exposed  in  the  whole  escarpment  (which 
faces  the  north)  here  along  the  line  of  contact  at  the  falls,  the  lowest  of  which 
are  rather  heavily  bedded  and  consist  of  light  gray  semi-crystalline  lime- 
stones, abounding  in  fossil  remains  characteristic  of  the  Trenton,  the  presence 
of  Liliiitea  uudatKs,  Emmons,  at  the  base  indicating  proximity  to  the  Black 
River  formation.  The  following  species  were  obtained  in  the  lower  beds  of 
the  exposure  : 


Puchydklya  acuta ; 
Batoatoma  ottaioaiinse ; 
Praaopora  Iijcoperdon ; 
Dmlna  pelopea ; 
Liiirjula  phllomela ; 
Strophomeaa  alternata ; 
Lept(eaa  aericea ; 
Orthia  teatudinaria ; 

"      sp.  und. ; 

"      sp.  nov.  (?)  ; 
Anmtrophia  hemipllcata ; 

var.  CO ; 
Conularia  trentonenaia ; 
Them,  sp.  nov. ; 
Bellerophon  hUohatiia; 
Bitcunia  piinctiferoua ; 
Ctenodonta  dubia; 


Ambonychia  belliatrlata  (?) ; 
Pterinea  trentonenaia ; 
LUuites  nndatna; 
Endoceraa  proteiforme ; 
Apnrchites  mimdiilua ; 
Prlmitia  lohiteaveaii ; 
laochilina  ami'i; 
Primitia  mundula; 
Beyrichia,  sp.  und.; 
Ceraiiraa  plenrexanihemus ; 
Calymene  senarla ; 
Encrimirua  vigllana; 
Dahnanitea  callicephalua ; 
Trumcleiia  concentricua ; 
Aaaphiia  plidycephalua ; 
Lichaa,  sp.  und. ; 
Illoinua  milleri. 


Charlesbourg. — At  Charlesbourg  the  Trenton  terrane  may  be  seen  to  ad- 
vantage some  four  hundred  yards  north  of  the  village,  and  also  at  Temple- 
man's  quarry,  a  few  paces  east  of  the  road.  Here  the  strata  are  horizontal, 
while  at  Lorette  they  are  considerably  inclined,  the  dip  there  increasing  from 
four  or  five  degrees  to  nearly  thirty  in  the  vicinity.  The  rock  at  Temple- 
man's  quarry  is  rather  pure  and  crystalline,  takes  a  good  dressing,  and  the 


•  •-Ji'^itwir^i^iwuiU'fT 


FOSSILS    FROM    UKAUFORT   AND   MONTMOKKNU'Y. 


483 


lesfc  rocka, 
r.  Ferrier, 
II  the  near 

lie  TrentDii 
Tliey  con- 
number  of 


ent  (which 
3t  of  which 
Uiae  lime- 
le  presence 
ihe  Black 
i^er  beds  of 

(?); 


',as ; 


»; 


seen  to  ad- 
at  Temple- 
horizontal, 
asinj^  from 
lit  Temple- 
g,  and  the 


^ 


I 


beds  vary  in  thickness  from  four  or  five  inches  iip  to  a  foot,  and  contain 
several  characteristic  species  as  follows : 

J'((chydlc(ij((  (tcutit ;  Leptann  sericea ; 

PlUodidyn  fafeij'orpils ;  Orlhln  tedndinaria  ; 

I'mnoponi  /ycoperdoii ;  Murchisonin  yracU'im; 

Crnnin,  sp.  und.;  Endocerus proteij'onne ; 

iSchizocraiiid,  or  DIhc'uhi  ;  IKcenus,  sp.  und.; 

Lliigula  riciiiifdrmiti;  Oihjme.ie  seiKirln  ; 

StrophomeiKi  ulleriuda  ;  Dulmuiiites  cal/iccphufiis. 

Beauport. — Proceeding  farther  ea.stward  along  tiie  line  of  outcrwp,  the 
Trenton  occurs  at  Beauport  and  at  Parent's  (juarries,  where  .he  limestones 
are  overlain  by  the  black  bituminous  shales  of  the  Utica.  The  following 
species  of  fossils  were  obtained  by  Mr.  St.  Cyr,  curator  of  the  museum  of  the 
Department  of  Public  Instruction,  Quebec: 

Amplexopora  discoUlea;  Cotiularla  irenionensis ; 

Prasopora  bjeoperdon ;  OrtJioceras,  sp.  nov. ; 

Lingnla  ohtusn  ;  Asiiphus  phHycephahis ; 

Stropkomcna  delloidea;  Qilymene  semiria ; 

A  tiastrophia  hemipli'cutn ;  Ceraiiriis  pleurexanthenms. 

Montmorency. — The  Montmorency  river  at  and  above  the  falls,  before 
plunging  its  watera  headlong  down  the  steep  height  of  251  feet,  flows  over 
Laurentian  or  Archean  rocks.  It  has  cut  its  way  through  the  thinly  bedcied 
impure  limestones,  which  are  often  interstratified  with  very  thin  beds  of  fissile 
shale,  such  as  is  also  said  to  occur  in  the  lowest  beds  of  tlie  quarry  at  Charles- 
bourg.  Along  each  bank  on  this  river  the  Trenton  is  well  developed  and 
carries  with  it  a  large  assemblage  of  fossils,  among  which  Trinndeus  concen' 
\  trictis,  Bcllerophon  bilobutus  and  Soleiiopora  compacia  may  be  said  to  occur  in 
[great  abundance.  Along  the  left  bank  of  the  river  and  above  the  bridge 
the  following  species  were  obtained  by  Dr.  Ells  and  the  writer: 


Pachydldya  acuta ; 
Prasopora  lycoperdon ; 
Solenojiora  compada ; 
Liiigida  ciirta  (?) ; 
Strophomenn  alternata ; 
Leptcena  sericea ; 
Orthis  test  udui  aria ; 

"     pectin  ella ; 
Ai}uzyga  recnrvirostra ; 
Zy(^ospira  (?)  modesta; 
Coniilaria  trentonensis ; 
Bellerophon  bilobatiis ; 


Bncania  pundifrons ; 
Miirchisoiiia  gracilis ; 

"  peratigidata; 

Orthoceras,  sp.  nov. ; 

"         laqxieatum  (?)  ; 
Vamixemia,  sp.  und. ; 
Harpes,  sp.  und. ; 
Eneriniirus  vigilans  (?)  ; 
Asaphiis  plaiycephahis ; 
Cerniirus  pleurexanthemus ; 
Illceiius  milleri. 


4S4 


H.  M.   AMI— THK   (IKOI.OCiY    0¥   QUKP.EC. 


lu  this  district  the  Trenton  is  again  seen  to  occur  at  the  foot  of  the  fall 
up  the  hrook  and  ravine  at  the  north  end  of  the  gorge,  where  the  limestones 
ale  nmde  to  al>ut  at  a  high  angle  .gainst  the  Archea.j  ^-'^'•P"''^';^,'?^  ^^^h 
throw  fault.  The  limestones  are  light-gray  colored,  nnpure  and  b^tununou  . 
There  are  only  a  few  feet  of  apparently  upper  Trenton  heds  seen  at  this  pomt 
between  the  cliff  and  the  disturbed  Utica  heds  alongside  of  and  overly.ng 
them.*  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  species  of  fossds  obtau.ed  from  the 
limestones  up  the  ravine  and  along  the  brook : 

Hyalostelu,,  sp.  und. ;  Orthis  testudlmrh ; 

Glyptocrhms,    or     Wyptocysfdes,        Prmu^^a,  sp  und. ; 


Ilhoitts,  sp.  und. ; 
Oilymene  seiiaria. 


sp.  und. ; 

Leptwim  sertcea; 
Strophomena,  sp.  und. ; 

On  the  right  bank  of  the  river  and  close  to  the  falls  on  Mr.  HaU's  prop- 
erty (near  his  residence)  the  following  Trenton  species  were  obtained: 
Crinoidal  fragments  ;  Zyrjospira  vwdeda ; 

Dktyophyton  (?),  sp.  und. ;  Slrophomem  allermta ; 

Lh>gid<,,  sp.  und. ;  Coindaria,  sp.  nov. ; 

Orthis  probably  testndinarla ;  Tnnadeus  concentncus. 

Pointe-aux-Tremblc3.-Among  the  remaining  localities  where  the  Trenton 
terrene  has  been  met  we  have  Pointe-aux-Trend)les,  nuir  the  mouth  of  the 
Jacques  Cartier  river,  where  the  Utica  shales  also  occur,  overlymg  the  l.nie- 
stones.  From  these  the  following  species  of  characteristic  Trenton  fossils 
were  obtained : 


Heterocrinus  canadensis ; 
Monticuliponi,  sp.  und. ; 
Strophomena  alternata ; 
"  deltoidea; 

Orthis  testiidinaria ; 
Anastrophia  hemipVimta ; 


Leptcena  sericea ; 
Dahnaii  ites  callicephalus ; 
Calymcne  senaria ; 
A  saphus  p/aiycephnliis ; 
Cerairrus  plcurexanthemus. 


The  above  lists  of  species  from  Lorette,  Charlesbourg,  Beauport,  Mont- 
morency and  Pointe-aux-Tremblea  are  sufficiently  characteristic  to  leave  no 
question  whatever  as  to  the  age  of  the  rocks  from  w  hicli  they  were  obtained. 

The  Utica:  Distribution.— The  Utica  shales  are  observed  at  several  places 
about  Quebec  city,  and  are  readily  recogniz-ed  l)y  the  fauna  which  they  con- 
tain. For  the  most  part  the  shales  consist  of  brown  or  buff  weathering  and 
black  bituminous  calcarco-argillaceous  materials  in  a  finely  divided  state  and 
very  brittle  or  friable.     At  xMontmorency  falls,  BetuijiorUmd  Charlesbourg 

'^•riie  oimrtzose  limestone  or  calcftrooiis  siiixl-tonps  of  Tiei.toi.  anp  un.loi-lyinK  the  Trenton  und 
overly  h^Kthe  gneiss  at  Montmorency,  are  a!-,  of  TreiUon  age,  no  I'ots.lam,  C.kiferous.  or  CInuy 
being  present. 


LOCALITIES    YIELDIxVfi   UTICA    fOSSlLS. 


485 


a  number  of  interesting  collections  were  iniule  by  Dr.  Ells,  I'Abbc  La- 
flanime,  Mr.  St.  Cyr,  Mr.  Weston  and  the  writer,  and  the  following  lists  of 
species  have  been  prepared  therefrom. 

Montmorency. — In  the  soft,  brittle  calcareo-argillaceons  and  bituminous 
sbales  which  are  much  disturbed  and  faulted  in  a  position  overlying  the 
Trenton  limestones  of  tlie  brook  in  the  ravine  at  the  northern  end  of  the 
gorge  of  Montmorency  falls  were  found  the  following  species: 

Di'plograptits,  sp.  und. ;  Enchceras  proteiforme ; 

CHmacograptus,  sp.  und. ;  Serpulltes  dissolntus ; 

Orthograptus  quadrimucronahis ;  Triarthrus  becki 
Lepioholus  iimgnls; 

Between  the  steps  leading  from  the  top  of  the  gorge  on  the  eastern  side  to 
the  foot  of  the  falls  and  the  lower  point,  the  following  species  were  collected 
by  thb  writer : 

Orthograptus  quadrimucronatus  (?)  ;     CHmacograptus,  sp.  und.  ; 
lleteograptus  eucharis ;  Triarthrus  becki. 

Beauport.— Leaving  the  Utica  at  the  foot  of  the  falls  (much  disturbed 
and  faulted  between  the  steps  and  the  cUff  at  the  northern  end  of  the  gorge) 
and  the  more  evenly  bedded  and  inclined  strata  south  of  the  steps  to  the 
lower  point,  and  proceeding  westward  to  Beauport,  the  Utica  is  again  seen 
at  this  point.  Near  the  shore,  I'Abbe  Laflamme  obtained  a  large  slab  of 
shale  on  which  were  seen  a  Cliinacograptns,  sp.  und.,  several  examples  of  the 
typical  Leptobohis  insignis,  Hall,  and  Triarthrus  becki,  Green. 

At  Parent's  quarries,  a  little  further  northward,  the  Utica  shales  were 
examined  by  Mr.  St.  Cyr,  and  the  following  species  obtained : 

Schizocrania  filosa ;  Emlocerus  proteiforme ; 

Leptoina  sericea ;  Asaphus  canadensis 

Lyrodesma  pnkhellum ;  {=Asap)hus  latimarginatus). 

The  above  species  are  now  in  the  museum  of  the  Department  of  Public 
Instruction,  Quebec. 

Charlesbourg. — About  fifty  paces  south  of  the  Charlesbourg  church  the 
Utica  is  exposed  along  the  main  road.  It  dips  at  a  considerable  angle  to- 
ward the  south,  varying  in  intensity  from  north  to  south  from  a  few  degrees 
to  nearly  fifty  degrees.  The  rock  hero  is  a  brownish-gray  calcareous  shale, 
from  which  the  following  species  were  obtained  : 

CHmacograptus  or  Diphgrnptus ;         Bellerophon  bilobatus; 


Leplograptus  Qi)  fluceidus; 
Leptobolus  insignis ; 
Strophomcna,  sp.  und. ; 

LXXl— Hri.i..  liKiii,.  Hill'.  Am,,  Vm,.  2,  isiio. 


I'rimitia  idrichi  (?)  ; 
Triarthrus  becki. 


48G 


H.    M.    AMI — THE    fiKOM)(iY    OF    «i('KnKC. 


A  larger  collection  of  specimens  from  this  locality  would  be  interesting. 
With  the  exception  of  Leptobolus  iiisignls,  Hall,  Bellerophoi  bilobains,  Sow- 
erby,  and  Trutrthrm  becki,  Green,  all  very  characteristic  Utica  species,  the, 
forms  are  not  well  preserved. 

About  a  mile  west  of  Charlesbonrg  church,  on  the  road  to  Lorette,  the 
black  bituminous  shales  of  the  Utica  again  crop  out  in  a  small  brook,  and 
the  following  forms  occur: 

Clmacograptus,  sp.  und.; 
Oiihogniptiis  qiiadr'nmicronatns ; 
Leptobolus  inalgiiis. 

L'Abbe  Laflaniine,  of  Laval  university,  who  has  devoted  considerable  at- 
tention to  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  different  terranes  in  this  dis- 
trict for  the  Canadian  geological  survey,  collected  a  large  slab  of  somewhat 
indurated  black  calcareous  and  bituminous  shale  on  which  were  the  follow- 
ing species : 

Orthograptiis  quadrimucroiiatus ; 

Leptobolus  i)isign!s; 

TrUirthriis  becki. 


Pointe-aux-Trembles. — In  1888,  Dr.  Ells  obtained  the  following  species  of 
Utica  fossils,  ovc. lying  the  Trenton  limestones  of  Pointe-aux-Trendiles: 

Orthograptiis  qiiadrimiicromUits ; 
Leptobolus  i7isigir!s; 
Triarthrus  becki. 


Tliese  three  forms  are,  as  can  be  readily  seen,  typical  and  characteristic 
and  generally  abound  in  every  collection  of  Utica  specimens. 

The  Jjorraine :  General  Character  nnd  Distribution. — The  Lorraine  shales 
form  the  fourth  of  the  series  of  geological  terranes  occurring  along  the 
line  of  section  from  north  to  south,  and  consist  for  the  most  part  of  very 
thin,  fissile  and  evenly  bedded  calcareo-argillaceous  and  arenaceous  shales, 
weathering  yellowish  brown,  measuring  a  thickness  of  800  or  900  feet,  and 
overljing  the  black  bituminous  shales  of  the  Utica  terrane  conformably. 
They  are  extensively  developed  north  of  the  city  of  Quebec,  at  jNIontmorency 
falls,  at  8t.  Nicholas,  along  the  southern  shore,  and  also  farther  eastward 
along  the  northern  end  of  the  Island  of  Orleans.  These  shales  are  not  very 
fossiliferous  in  most  of  the  exposures,  but  sufficient  fossil  evidence  has  been 
obtained  to  fix  the  position  of  the  shales  in  the  region  where  the  thrust  fault 
which  occurs  has  disturbed  the  strata  consideiably.  They  are  separated  from 
the  (Quebec  city  nuissif  by  the  thrust  fault  already  indicated  (which  is  evi- 


LOliRAINK    FOSSILS   AND   TlUCUi   LOCALITIES  48? 

broken  beds  of  this  tenane  '  '''''''  ''*""  ^'"  "^^^^^^'^  ^^^ 


Orthoffraptus  quadrlmncronatas ; 
Diployraptus,  sp.  no  v.  ; 
Leptcena  serinea ; 
Orthi's  testadinaria; 
Zygospira  head!.; 


Ambonychia  radiata; 
Ortlmlesma  pai'allelum ; 
Modiolopsis,  sp.  und. ; 
Triimdeus,  sp.  und. 


oocasiojaii;. :::«!"  :,t's  '^rf  '^i":!  "^  ""^  '"""=■•'-■ 

Rome  a  lin,„l  ™  ,         ,         ,'  NicIk.Ihs  ami  Montmorency,  iji  tile 

well  seen  in  Hie  „„„  „,  M„,„  ,1  '^''""=  '"""<'  ''""*  »« 

here  except  Zy  o  ll    ,  d    ,r„  '""'  "l  Y  "°  »'""  '"""  ""^  "^""-'l 
=..tly  diprioniJiL  '^     '""^  ''■»«'"'""»  "f  «™PWites.  app.,- 

more„rrire"rIe''f '~°''  .'","'  '''""  "^  ""=  '""'S''  '«l"'"  «-  «."»  »f  Mont- 

i.  .  "&'"'«r  coioieci,  stand  n<j  out  in  re  of      Tlm.Qci,  ,i 

are  often  sta  ned   nm-nlo  .,,„i     i  •.  'emr.     lliese  shales 

Lanier  and        re  Zt.lklZ  "'  ,''''""<'K™«»»  '-">  «  ""ce 
Lonaine  sl,alea  w  iTl^^^^^^^  ol.araCeristic  fossils  of  tho 

f»™  *s  ■  Di  nt:  rc;r:  Tf ".  ■"  rr "■"- "■»'"'- -■  -■<« 

proper  in  Qnebe    Z      Tl  e^         f'","  "'"'  .'"'"'  °"''  "'=  ""'-  '»»■. 
and  n„n,e,o,,r  '  '  "■'™''  '=°""'""''  """  "'■■!«  "c  varied 

number  of  £1^   "^    fl  -"".^  "  '^'''""'  "^^1""''^^'  ""^^  '-''^l^'g  « 

.mber^3^fc«sns^eh.e%  n,on^,^^^^^^^^^^  ^^  ^,,,.^  ,^^^,^,.^^  ^,^^  ^^^^^J^^^ 

*  Geology  of  Canada,  1««:|,  pp.  igs     ^^^  "^  " 


n 


488 


jr.    M.    AMI — TlIK    GEOLOGY    OF    (iUKIJEC. 


forms  have  been  obtained  (descriptions  of  which  will,  it  is  hoped,  spon  be 
published) : 

GirvaneUa,  sp.  und. ; 

Solenopora  umpactn,  var.  m'mnta  (var.  nov.)  ; 

Diplotrypa  qmhecensis  (sp.  nov.)  ; 

Monotrypa  Incerta  (sp.  nov.)  ; 

Prasopora  lyeoperdon,  Vanuxeni,  var.  selwyni  (var.  nov.)  ; 

Orthls,  allied  to  0.  testiidinaria,  Dalman ; 

LeptiiAi",  like  L.  sen'cea; 

Asaphus,  sp.  und. ;  an  obscure  form. 

This  peculiar  association  of  forms  occurring  in  such  a  series  of  strata  will 
be  noted  later  on. 

Cote  de  la  N^gresse.— Farther  westward,  at  Cote  de  la  Negresse,  the  hard, 
compact  and  fine-grained  calcareo-argillaceous  and  bituminous  bands  were 
seen,  associated  with  bands  of  semi-crystalline  and  somewhat  bituminous 
limestones,  quite  different  in  facies  from  the  strata  at  Cote  Sauvageau  ;  and 
at  the  turn  of  the  road  up  the  hill  along  Richmond  street  two  obscure  fossils 
were  obtained,  one  of  which  appears  to  be  a  CamereUa  or  Anastrophia,  the 
other  a  Platyslrophia  or  other  coarsely  ribbed  brachiopod.  The  strata  here 
dip  at  an  angle  of  45°  southward. 

Montcalm  Market. — Immediately  south  and  again  about  one  hundred 
yards  southwest  of  Afontcalm  market,  in  the  city  of  Quebec,  we  have  a  series 
of  black  bituminous  and  calcareous  shales  holding  abundance  of  graptolites, 
brachiopods,  ortracods  and  trilobites,  with  bands  of  thinly  bedded  limestones 
and  an  occasional  hard,  cherty,  compact,  quartz-bearing  band,  which  re- 
sembles a  conglomerate.  The  strike  of  the  strata  here  is  N.  45°  E.  (mag- 
netic), and  the  dip  about  70°,  increasing  to  78°  in  some  instances.  From 
the  exposures  north  of  St.  Patrick  street  aud  between  the  roads  leading  from 
that  street  to  the  market  the  following  fossils  have  been  obtained : 

Diplograpttis  foUaceiis;  Crinoidal  fragments; 

Lingiild,  sj).  nov.  (no.  1)  ; 
.    "  "         (no.  2) ; 

(no.  3)  ; 
Pater  Ilia  (?),  sp.  nov. 
Disciiia,  sp.  nov.  (no.  1)  ; 
(no.  2) ; 
Gen.  nov.  et  sp.  nov. ; 
Lepkeiia,  sp.  nov. ; 

"         allied  to  L.  sericea; 
"         allied  to  L.  qidnquecmtata ; 
Stvophomena  (?),  or  gen.  nov.  et  sp.  nov. ; 


"  angitstlfuUus ; 

"      .       sp.  und. ; 
"  riigosiis; 

"  vmnrotKitus ; 

"  whiificldi; 

C/imaPogniptus  sccdaris ; 
var.; 
"  sp.  und. , 

"  perexcavatus ; 

"  sp.  unci. ; 

"  biconik; 


(QUEBEC    FOSSILS    AND   FOSSIL   LOCALITIES. 


489 


Dkellograplus  sexlatis; 

"  ancepa ; 

"  forchammerl ; 

"  divaricatus,  var.  mof- 

fatenais,  Carr. ; 

"  ap.  unfl. ; 

"  sp.  uiid. ; 

OlossograpUis,  sp.  iind. ; 
Dendrograptus,  sp.  und. ; 
Leptograptus,  sp.  und.  (cf.  L.  per- 

tenuis) ; 
Dwranograptus  ramosiis ; 

"  nicholsoni  (?),  Hopk. ; 

"  sp.  nov. ; 

Coryuoides  calycularis ; 
Dawsonia,  sp.  und. ; 


Orthis,  sp.  und. ; 
Stiicklandinia  (?),  sp.  und.; 
Obolella,  or  closely  related  genus ; 
Euomphalus,  sp.  nov.,  or  Ophileta,  sp. 

nov.  ; 
Primitia  logani; 
Aparrhites  mundulus ; 

"         sp.  nov.jOrPo^yco/Jc.sp.und.; 
Agnostua,  sp.  und. ; 
Aeglliia  rediviva,  Barr,  (?)  ; 
Bathyania,  sp.  und. ; 
Ampyx,  sp.  und. ; 
Asaphus,  sp.  und. ; 
IllcEnns,  sp.  und. ; 
Tritmcftits  (?),  sp.  und. ; 
Dionide  (?),  cf.  Z).  lajnvorlhi. 


Between  St.  Patrick  street  and  the  Grande  all6e,  and  also  along  the  north- 
western extremity  of  Parliament  square,  similar  strata  occur ;  dark  hrown  or 
black  compact  bitumino-calcareous  splintery  shales  weathering  grayish-white, 
holding  cavities  in  which  Mr.  Ferrier  has  recognized  crystals  of  strontianite 
arranged  in  stellate  groups  and  associated  with  terminated  crystels  of  quartz 
("diamonds")  and  an  inspissated  substance  resembling  petroleum.  These 
strata  dip  at  an  angle  of  S.  65°  E.  (average  magnetic),  and  hold  fragments 
of  grajjtolites,  Corynoides  calycidaris,  and  also  a  Dmina  (undetermined). 
Measured  sections  of  these  exposures  have  been  taken  for  reference,  and 
serve  to  connect  these  beds  with  those  occurring  between  the  drill  shed  and 
the  Grande  allee. 

Between  Drill  Shed  and  Grande  Alice. — Here,  as  nearly  everywhere  in 
Quebec  city,  may  be  seen  the  upturned  and  denuded  edges  of  the  shaly  and 
calcareo-argillaceous  strata  for  a  considerable  distance.  An  artificial  section 
at  this  point  gives  an  average  dip  of  55°,  S.  20°  E.  (magnetic),  varying  from 
50°  at  the  southern  extremity  to  58°  or  60°  as  we  proceed  northward.  The 
strata  are  somewhat  disturbed  at  the  southern  end,  but  are  very  evenly 
bedded  and  contain  quite  an  interesting  series  of  fossils,  chiefly  graptoHtes 
throughout.  The  presence  of  iron  pyrites  in  these  rocks  has  stained  many 
of  the  layers,  which  present  a  very  rusty  appearance.  The  following  is  a 
list  of  forms  (provisionally  identified)  recognized  from  this  section  45  paces 
in  lenjrth : 


Diplograptus  angvMifolius ; 

"  foliaceua  (?) ; 

"  sp.  und. ; 

Dieellogmptus  sextans  (?) ; 


CUmacograptus  perexcavatm ; 
"  coiifertus  (?) ; 

Dawsonia,  sp.  und.; 
Primitia  mundula,  Jones. 


490 


H.   M.    AMI — TIFK   (iEOLOGY   OF   QUEBEC. 


Similar  strata  were  observed  farther  along  tlie  Citar'el  front,  where  the 
landslide  took  place  in  September,  1889,  and  along  Champlain  street  by 
Saiit-an-Matelot  street,  Sons-le-Cap  street,  Cote  d'Ambourgfis,  and  St.  Charles 
street,  where  the  dips  observed  showed  clearly  that  round  Cape  Diamond 
the  strata,  as  Sir  William  Logan  noted,*  form  a  synclinal  basin  at  Quebec. 
Alongside  and  up  Mountain  street  a  bold  cliff  of  conglomerate  occurs,  con- 
taining large  bowlders  imbedded  in  a  shaly  and  calcareo-argiliaceous  paste, 
with  the  admixture  of  quartz  grains.  This  deposit,  as  well  as  most  of  the 
exposures  in  Quebec  city,  deserves  very  special  attention  and  will  no  doubt 
afford  interesting  notes  and  material.  The  Cortjnoides  band  which  occurs  at 
the  Cove  field  and  near  Montcalm  market  was  again  noticed  along  St.  John 
street  in  excavations  on  the  lot  where  numbers  71  and  73  of  that  street 
occur.  Dicellograptus  sextans  was  collected  here.  The  strata  dip  at  an  angle 
of  from  40°  to  70°  southward,  increasing  in  intensity  toward  the  northern 
end  of  the  lot,  cloae  to  St.  John  street. 

Review. — So  far  the  fossil  remains,  while  numerous  and  many  of  them 
well-known  "  Hudson  River"  forms,  are  but  little  known  and  require  de- 
tailed study. 

Before  assigning  a  definite  position  to  the  rocks  of  Quebec  city  in  the  scale 
of  terranes  in  America,  it  is  necessary  for  the  writer  to  state  tliat  so  far  he 
has  been  unable  to  find  any  evidence  in  the  field,  either  stratigraphical  or 
paleontological,  whereby  the  Hudson  River  rocks  and  Lorraine  shales,  as 
originally  understood  by  Emmons,  could  be  correlated  and  referred  to  the 
same  or  an  immediately  following  geologic  terrane. 

The  fossils  collected  at  Cote  d'Abraham  have  a  decided  lower  Trenton 
facies,  as  the  presence  of  Solenopora  compada,  or  a  variety  of  this  species, 
seems  clearly  to  indicate.  From  the  long  list  of  species  obtained  in  the 
Montcalm  market  rocks  it  can  readily  be  seen  that  we  have  there  repre- 
sented a  fauna  which  has  never  yet  been  found  either  in  the  Lorraine,  Utica. 
or  Trenton  terranes — a  fauna  distinct  from  the  faunas  included  in  these 
three  terranes,  whose  characters  are  so  well  known  throughout  the  continent 
in  their  undisturbed  and  complete  development.  It  is  the  same  fauna  which 
has  received  in  numerous  places  the  name  "  Hudson  River,"  e.  g.,  at  Nor- 
manskill  and  many  other  localities  in  New  York  and  Vermont,  and  in 
Canada,  at  False  point,  Island  of  Orleans,  on  the  Etcheinin  river  between 
St.  Henry  and  St.  Anselme,  at  Drummondville,  on  Crane  island,  Gagnon's 
beach,  the  Marsouin  and  Gros  Male,  a  mile  and  a  half  below  the  Tartigo 
river,  at  Griffon  cove,  and  in  many  other  localities.  Similar  strata  have  also 
been  observed  in  northern  Maine,  in  Newfoundland  and  New  Brunswick. 

Now,  the  question  presents  itself:  What  is  the  age  of  these  rocks  and  what 
the  horizon  to  which  the  internal  fossil  evidence  points  at  those  localities 
where  this  fauna  is  found  ?     A  number  of  vexed  questions  arise.     But,  tak- 

*  Geology  of  Canada,  1863,  p.  230. 


TWO   FAUNAS   IX   THE   QUKIII'X'  MASSIF. 


401 


in<»  into  consideration  the  stratigrnphicul,  litliologieal  and  paleontologioal 
relations  and  dicta  of  the  rocks  of  this  clearly  distinct  and  well-marked 
terrane  in  the  scale  of  geologic  terranes  in  America,  we  can  readily  separate 
them  from  others,  such  as  the  Lorraine  and  Utica  terranes,  with  which  they 
have  been  for  years  made  synchronous  or  newer.  The  fauna  enclosed  in 
the  typical  Lorraine  shales,  i.  e.,  in  those  shales  which  overlie  the  Utica 
sliale  and  underlie  the  Oswego,  or,  as  it  is  now  called,  Medina,  sandstone,  is 
well  known  and  can  be  studied  to  advantage  in  Canada  around  the  Mani- 
tonlin  islands,  at  Collingwood,  and  at  various  points  from  that  place  to  Oak- 
ville  and  southeastward  by  Weston  and  Toronto,  in  New  York  and  in  the 
valley  of  the  Richelieu  river,  in  the  Ottawa  Paleozoic  bnsin  and  near  St. 
Nicholas,  at  Cote  Sauvageau,  in  the  St.  Charles  river  valley,  at  Mont- 
morency below  the  falls,  at  Ste.  Famille,  and  on  the  Island  of  Orleans  at 
Ste.  Anne  de  Beaupr6,  at  St.  Joachim,  and  also  along  the  northern  shore  of 
Anticosti. 

There  seem  to  occur  then  two  distinct  faunas  entombed  in  distinct  series 
of  strata  and  holding  a  different  position  as  to  age.  The  apparently  lower 
Trenton  aspect  of  a  portion  of  the  Quebec  massif  as  seen  at  Crtte  d'Abraham 
and  Cote  de  la  Negresse  gives  us  an  indication  of  the  age  of  the  strata  at 
these  points.  Cut  off  on  all  sides  by  faults  and  separated  from  the  L6vis  rocks 
by  the  St.  Lawrence  river,  the  Quebec  terrane  (which  name  I  beg  to  propose 
for  this  series  of  strata  such  as  we  meet  at  the  Montcalm  market,  Parliament 
square,  and  drill-shed  exposures)  stands  by  itself  in  an  anomalous  position 
very  similar  to  rocks  of  similar  age  which  Professor  Lapworth  designated  as 
"  unplaced  in  the  series."* 

There  is  a  marked  physical  resemblance  between  the  Quebec  massif  and 
the  L6vis  rocks  south  of  the  city,  but  one  series  is  a  highly  bitumino-calca- 
reous  terrane ;  the  other  not  so.  The  presence  of  such  forms  as  Agnosius, 
Aeglina,  Amjjyx,  Dlonide,  Baihyunis,  etc.,  point  to  a  rather  lower  horizon  than 
the  Trenton,  while  I  believe  that  it  is  perhaps  premature  to  give  the  precise 
geological  position  of  the  strataat  Quebec,  in  the  present  light  of  our  knowl- 
edge. Suffice  it  for  this  occasion  to  separate  this  terrane  from  that  of  the 
Lorraine  shales  or  Lorraine  terrane,  i.  e.,  overlying  the  Utica,  and  recognize 
it  as  a  distinct  one,  whose  more  exact  position  will  form  an  interesting  object 
of  research.  But  a  few  days,  comparatively  speaking,  have  been  spent  in 
examining  the  strata  at  Quebec,  and  the  limestone  bands  and  shales  inter- 
stratified  are  richly  fossiliferous. 

37ie  Levis. — Next  in  order  comes  the  Levis  terrane,  whose  characters,  both 
paleontological  and  stratigraphical,  are  given  in  detail  in  the  rej)orts  of  the 
Canadian  survey  and  in  many  other  interesting  memoirs  and  publications. 
Along  with  Dr.  Ells,  the  writer  has  made  an  examination  of  the  fossiliferous 

♦This  same  RUlliority  hiul  recognized  the  earlier  uK©  of  tlie  "  Hudson  River  roclis  "  in  America 
and  tlieir  identity  witirthu  Ulenldln  Hhalen  orNOtlth  Scotland  as  tlieir  European  equivalents. 


i 


492 


II.    M.    AMI — TlIK   flKOr.OGY    Ol-'   (JUIOBKC. 


strata  occurring  there.     The  lists  of  species  and  descriptions  of  the  beds  are 
given  in  the  "  Second  report  on  the  geology  of  a  portion  of  the  province  of 
Quebec,"  which  Mr.  Walcott  has  recently  reviewed  in  the  American  Journal 
',C  of  Science. 

The  probably  Calciferous  age  of  these  strata,  termed  Levis,  has  been  proven 
by  Mr.  Billings  on  paleontological  evidence.  The  abundance  of  graptolites 
and  of  certain  well-marked  zones  of  these  in  different  portions  of  the  series 
of  Lfivis  strata,  along  with  the  recurrence  of  the  conglomerate  bands  care- 
fully ma])ped  by  Sir  William  Logan,  enable  the  geologist  to  trace  out  the 
foldings  and  recurrence  of  strata  at  different  points.  The  occurrence  of 
large  cephalopods  in  pebbles  of  the  conglomerate,  besides  the  Cambrian 
forms  which  many  of  these  hold,  is  a  point  worthy  of  closer  scrutiny. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  species  collected  by  Dr.  Ells,  Mr.  Giroux  and 
the  writer  at  L6vis,  all  obtained  from  definitely  located  places : 


GRAPTOLITID^. 


Nemagraptns  capillaris  (?) ; 

"  sp.  und. ; 

DIdymogmptua  bifidus; 

"  conatrictns ; 

"  extensus ; 

"  furcillatus ; 

"  pennatulus ; 

'*  sp.  und. ; 

Tetragraptus  approximatus ; 

"  cadiiceus,  Salter 

(=  T.  bigsbyi,  Hall); 

"  denticulatus ; 

"  fritticosHs ; 

"  heudi ; 

"  hicksi ; 

"  quadribmchiatus ; 

"  serra 

{=  T.  bryonoides) ; 
Dichograptus  octo b rachiat us ; 

"  richardsoni ; 

"  ramuliis; 

L'mgnla  qnehecensk ; 

"       Irene ; 

"       sp.  nov. ; 

"       sp.  und. ; 
Elkitnla  desideratit ; 


Loganograptns  logani ; 
Clonograptus  rigidus ; 
"  fiexiUs ; 

"  sp.  und. ; 

Goniograptiis  tlmreaid 
var.  selwyni; 
Diphgraptus  dentatus,  Bgt. 

(=  D.  prlstiniformU,  H.)  ; 
Dlplograptiia  (?)  tricomis; 
Fkyllograptus  anna; 

"  angmtifolius ; 

"  typus; 

Trigotiograptus  ensiformh ; 
Plilograptiis  plumosm ; 
Didyograptiis  irregularis ; 
"  sp.  nov. 

(=  D.  deUcidula,  Dawson) ; 
"  sp.  (cf.  D.  homf ray i) ; 

"  sp.  und. ; 


BRACIIIOI'ODA. 


Leptobohis  (?),  sp.  und. ; 
Linnarssonia,  sp.  und. ; 
Siphonotreta  (?)  micula; 
Orthis,  sp.  und.  ; 
Shurnardi((  granulosa. 


! 


re 
of 
til 


en 

;es 
ies 
e- 
le 
of 

All 
111 


, 


LKVia    AND   SILLICRY    FOSSILS. 


4V.. 


Tliese  fossila  were  all  derived  from  tlie  shales  and  evenly  bedded  limestones 
of  Levis  age.  This  niiniber  and  list  can  no  doubt  be  swelled  considerably 
after  careful  collecting  and  determination.  There  are  many  species  both  of 
Cambrian  and  Cambro-Silurian  (Ordovician)  age  included  in  the  pebbles  of 
the  conglomerates  of  the  L<5vis  terrane.  These  should  be  carefully  collected 
and  noted.  Fossils  from  the  paste  of  the  conglomerate,  if  any,  should  be 
carefully  kept  separate,  and  interesting  results  will  no  doul)t  be  forth- 
coming. • 

The  Siller y. — Underlying  the  L<5via  and  faulted  together  at  many  points 
we  find  the  Sillery,  red,  green  and  black  shales  associated  with  sandstones 
and  conglomerates.  The  leading  paleontological  characters  of  this  series  so 
far  is  the  presence  of  Obolella  (Liunarssoiiia)  jtretlosa,  Billings,  in  great 
abundance  wherever  that  terrane  is  met  with.  At  the  Chaudiure  River 
railway  bridge  this  shell  occurs  in  great  abundance,  associated  with  other 
forms  of  Obolella  and  two  species  oi  Ltngida;  also  with  a  Protospongui,  akin 
to  P.  (etranema,  Dawson.  The  presence  of  these  spicules  of  sponges,  referred 
to  the  genus  Protospongia  by  the  writer  in  18815  along  with  Obolella,  point 
clearly  to  the  antiquity  and  earlier  age  of  the  Sillery  than  that  to  which  it 
was  for  a  long  time  assigned.  A  number  of  obscure  compound  graptolites 
ai\d  a  s\Hic'\ca  of  Phyllograptus  also  occur  at  the  Chaudiere  river  e.vposu res, 
indicating  the  probably  transitional  character  of  these  passage  beds  between 
the  Cambrian  and  Cambro-Silurian  (Ordovician)  epochs. 


Conclusion. 


Having  thus  briefly  described  the  various  terranes  a^  they  are  seen  along 
the  line  of  section  north  and  south,  it  will  be  observed  on  resuming  the  ques- 
tion of  the  probable  age  of  the  Quebec  city  massif  that,  when  these  are  com- 
pared with  the  Levis  terrane,  their  physical  character,  the  presence  of  the 
congh)nierate  bands,  the  similarity  of  strata  in  .sedimentation  and  in  their 
lithological  characters,  together  with  the  general  field  asjjccts  give  them, 
owing  to  their  intimate  relations  as  having  been  subjected  to  similar  press- 
ures and  foldings,  the  appearance  of  being  a  part  and  parcel  of  that  greater 
series  of  sedimentary  strata  to  which  Sir  William  Logan  advisedly  gave  the 
name  "Quebec  group."  It  would  also  appear  that  the  Quebec  terrane, 
while  distinct  from  the  Levis  terrane  paieontologically,  still  exhibits  numer- 
ous points  in  contact  and  would  form  an  upward  extension  of  that  series 
at  the  base  of  which  we  find  the  Sillery.  This  would,  I  hold,  materially 
assist  in  demonstrating  the  projjcr  interpretation  of  the  term  "  Quebec  group  " 
as  Sir  William  Logan  and  Mr.  Billings  knew  it,  as  regards  the  fossiliferous 
portion  of  that  interesting  series  of  sedimentary  strata. 

LXXU-IUii.l,.  (iKoi..  Si)f.  Am.,  Voi,.  2,  18iKl. 


494 


II.    M.    AMI — TIIK   OKOI-OOY   OF   QUKBEC. 


We  should  thus  have  the  Quehcc  group  divisible  into  three  natural  and 
well-marked  parts : 

3.  The  Quebec  or  upper  division  ; 
2.  The  Ld'vis  or  middle  division  ; 
1.  The  Sillery  or  lower  division, 

jnst  as  we  find  the  Trenton  group  divisible  also  into  series  of  terranes;  and 
these  divisions  are  all  marked  by  peculiar  and  distinct  faunas,  each  of  which 
is  charact.rized  by  fossils  to  be  given  in  the  table  hereto  appended. 

The  Trenton  group  characterizes  the  upper  portion  of  the  Cambro-Silu- 
rian  or  Ordovician  system ;  the  Quebec  group  characterizes  a  portion  and 
peculiar  development  of  the  Cambro-.Silurian  or  Ordovician. 


tural  and 


Distribution  op  Genkka  and  Species, 


Genkra  and  Spkciks. 


ities ;  and 
of  which 

ubroSilu- 
rtiou  and 


llyalostelin,  Bp. 


SPONOIJE. 


HYDROIDA. 


Leptograptua  flneeidiis,  H»ll 

<'  sp _ 

Nemagraptus  capillariD,  Emmons 

"         sp 

Didymograptm  bifidus,  Hull 

"  conatriciun,  Hull 

••  extenaus,  Hull 

'•  fw'eillatua,  Lnpworth 

••  pennntiUua,  Hall 

«'  sp 

Teiragraptua  approximafua,  Nicholson. 

caducetts,  Suiter  (  =  T,  bigahyl,  Hull). 


Terranei. 


« 

a 


B 

o 


I 

3 


:3 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


<l 
«l 
<l 
il 

II 


deniicnlatus,  Hull 1 i      x 


•| 


Jruticoans,  Hull 

headi,  Hull 

hiekai,  Lupworth .. 

quadribraekiatita,  Hull 

"  serra,  Brorigniart  (=T.  bryonoidea, 

Hall)... __ 

^ichograptua  oetobrachlatua,  Hull  . 

"  riehardhoni,  Hall .. 

"  ramulu.1,  Hull 

'■  sp. 

Loganograptita  logani,  Hull 

ClonograptusJiexUis,  Hall 

"  rigidua,  Hull ... 

"  sp 

Ooniograptua  thurenui,  ^IcCoy ,  vur.  selwyni,  Ami. 
Diplograptus  dentatus,  Brongniurt  (=  D.  pristini- 

/o/vw/s,  Hull .. -. 

sp.  und. 

foliiicena,  Mtircliison . ... 

angustifolhis 

rugasua,  Emmons 

inueronatus,  Hall 

luhl.tjieldi,  Hall 

tricornisy  Currutliers. | ; , |      ? 

sp.  nov. j      X 

Dicellogrnptus  aneeps,  Hull | 

"             moffntenaia,(Z&Tr.,  vur.  divaricatiia, 
Hall 


« 
«i 
li 
ti 
il 
(( 
It 

:i 


I 


fo7xhat}inieri,  li. x 


(495) 


lUG 


JI.    M.    AMI — I'llK    OKOI.OdY    Ol'    (iUKIU<X'. 

Diifrthndon  of  Genrva  and  Spfcirx — Coiitiniiod. 

Terranet. 


OUNICHil    ANU   Sl'KClKS. 


//rDiJ0/7)il-Contlnued. 


e 

1 


X 


DieeUofirnplHH  se.rfans,  IIi»ll    -. 

•"  «I* 

"  sp. 

Dicranofirapius  rmnosnx,  Hull 

"'  cf.  D.  nic/iulsoni,  HojiUiiison 

"  8|i.  nov 

Cliynacogvaptus  bicariiln,  Hull -. 

"  scnlaris,  Ilisingor,  var.  vormnlis 

Lnpworth 

"  sciiliiris,  His.,  var. 

"  ac.harenhenji,  Lnpworth 

"  percxeiirdf Id,  hu[>\\ovlh 

"  sp 

"  sp. --.  .-- -. 

"  sp 

OrthogrnpfiiH  qund>-imitc,ronniun 

PhyUo(irajttait  (iHgiisiifnlius,  HiilL. 

"  onnn,  Hall , 

"  tiipuH,  MixW 

Olossofirnptiia  ciliulus,  Emmons 

sp.   .. 

ReteogrnpiiiH  euchnris,  Hall. ;      ? 

Cccnograptus  gvitcUin,  Hull 

Trigonugraptits  en-ti/ormis,  Hall 

PlitogrnptuH  plnvioHHH,  Hall 

DictyograptuH  irregularis,  IhxW --- 

"  sp.  nov.  {:^^  D.  (lelicaiula,  Dawson)     

"  cf.  D.  lunnfrayi,  Lapworth 

"  n.  sp --.   

Dendroi/rapins,  sp 

'■'  sp 

Vorynoides  calycnlaris,  Nicholson  _ 

Dawsonia,  sp. --. 

"  sp. 


P 


I        i 

a 
9       I 


i 

S 


X 
X 


CEINOIDEJE.  I 

Qlyptoerinun  decadaciyliifi,  Hall  — 1      ? 

"  sp I 

HeterocrinuH  catiudeiini.s,  Hill 

Crinoidal  fragments 


X  ? 
X 


X 
X 
X 


VEItMES. 

Serpulites  dissoliiius,  Billings. 

BRYOZOA. 

Atnplexopora  disi'.olilea,  James 
Batostoyyia  oiiawdetiae,  Foord.- 


> 


X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

" 

X 
X 
X 

X   ' 

1    X 

X 

X 

X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


I 


^ 


4- 

■f 


\i 


KOSSILS    FKOM   (iUEBKC    AND    KNVIKOX8. 
Distribution  of  Oenera  and  Species — Continued. 


407 


Gknkra  and  Specikh. 


BR  rOZOX-Contlnued. 


Prasopora  lycnpevdon,  Vaniixem 

"         h/coprrdon,. Van. ,\Vir.  aelwyni,  \ar.  nov.. 

Monoivypa  incerta,  sp.  nov..  

Diplotrypa  quebccensis,  gp.  nov. 

Pachydir.tya  actitu,  Hull 

PtlUidietya  falciformiSy  N  ich 

Oirvatielln,  ap. 

Solennpuva  compacta,  Billings 

'•  compacta,  B.,  var.  niiniita,  var.  nov 

BRACniOPODA. 


Torrnnea. 


4) 

S 

2 

La 

3 


s 
o 

a 


11 
II 
II 
II 
II 
II 
II 


Lingtila  curia,  Hull . 

"       obtusa.  Hall 

phihmieln,  Billinf.;s ._ 

riciniformis,  Hall 

quebecensiK,  Billings .. 

irene,  Billings 

sp.  und 

sp.  nov 

sp.  nov.  no.  1 

"         no.  2. 

"  "         no.  3 

Obolclla,  sp 

"         sp.  nov 

Eikania  desiderata,  Billings 

Limiarssonia,  sp. 

Leptobolua  insignia,  HnU [ ^      x 

"         sp. :      X     j 

"  sp.  und. I 

Paterula  (l),  sp.  nov. | i 

Schizocraniajilosa,  Hall | i      x 

Siphonotreta  micula,  McCoy . | i 

Crania,  sp 

Discina,  sp. 

"       pelopea,  Billings 

"        sp.  nov.  no.  1 j 

"       sp.  nov.  no.  2 | \ 

Skenidiimi,  sp i I I      ? 

Strophomena  altcrnaia,  Conrad I [ i      x 

"  deltoidea,  Conrad I      ?      I 

"  sp.  nov. ; X 

"  sp i 

Leptcena  sericea,  Sowerby I      x 

"       sp.  nov ! 

"        sp.  allied  to  L.  quinqueeostata . 

Orthis  emacerata,  Hall [      x 

"        testud iiiar-ia,  DiiXman x 

"       sp. 1      X 


i 

a 


12 


X 
X 
X 

X 


X 
X 

X 


X 
X 


T 


? 

X 
X 


■  \  ] 


498 


II.    M.    AMI — TlIK   UEOLOGY   OP   (iUKBEC. 

Distribution  of  Oenera  and  Species — Continued. 


Gbnkra  ani>  Species. 


BiJ.4  Ci//0P0D/1 -Continued. 


Terranes. 


o 


Orthia  pectinella. 


sp. 

"       sp.  nov. 

"       sp.  nov 

"       sp. 

Zygospira  hcadi,  Hillings 

Anazyga  reciirfirosfra,  Hall-  .- 

Strichlandinia  {?),  sp 

Ana.itrop/iia  hemiplicata,  Hall 
"  sp 


LAMELhIBRANCHIA  TA. 

Pterinea  trentonensis,  Hall 

Ambonychia  rndiata,  Hall 

"  bellistrinta,  Hall 

Modiolopsis,  sp. 

"  sp. 

Vanu.vemia,  sp 

Ctcnodouta  dubin,  IJillings 

Lyrodesma  pidc/ielliim,  Emmons 

"  sp. 

Orthodcsma  paralleluin,  Hall 


OLOSSAPIIORA. 

Murc/iisonia  gracilis,  Hall 

"  perangulnta,  Hall 

EuoDiplialns,  or  Op/iilcta,  sp.  nov. 
BcUerophon  biliibntus,  Sowerby  .. 
liucania  puiictifrons,  Emnions--. 

Coniilaria  trcntonensis,  Hull 

T/ieca,  sp.  nov. 


CEPHALOPODA. 
Hall  — 


Orthoceras  laqueatum  (? 

"  sp.  nov. 

Endiiceras  proteifrome,  Hall 
Lituites  nndaiiis,  Emnions-. 


OSTRACODA. 
Primitia  mundida,  Jones 


"        logani 

"  "       var 

"  whitearesii ,  Jones  . 
Aparc/iitex  mundidus,  Jones 
Poly  cope,  sp. 

Isochilina  audi,  Jonts 


s 
o 


0) 


X 

X? 


X 
X 


X 

X 


o 

a 


X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 


X 

X  i 

X  1 

X  I 


X 
X 


•I         X 


> 


lEd 


a 
s 

y 

CO 

1— ( 

? 

X 

X 



' 

' 


i 
X         


VOSSII-S    FROM   QUKUKC   AND    KNVIKONS. 

DistribiUiMi  of  Genera  and  .S^ec/cs— Coiiliiiued. 


499 


Tenunes. 


Gkneka  and  Spkcies, 


Tin  LOB  IT  A. 


Shumnrdia  granuhaa,  Billings  .. 

AeiiHna  redivicd  (1),  Hiirr..- 

Ampyx,  S[). 

AfiHdsfns,  sp. 

tiarpes,  sp. — ■ 

TrinueleuH  coneentricus,  Eiitcn 

"  sp.  iiov. — 

"  sp. 

Bnthyurun,  sp.  — 

Colyinenc  senaria,  (Jonnid 

Asuphus  ptatycephaius I  Stokes 

"        canadensis,  Chapin 


6 

s 

c 

"S 

a 

2 

B 
(V 

^   1 

m 

u 
C 

s 

> 

P 

H 

O" 

I-) 

1 

X 

X 
X 
X 


"        sp.  - 

lUcenus  millnri,  Billings 

"       cf.  T.  bouchardiy  Burr. 

Dionlde,  cf.  D.  lapworthi,  II.  Etlieridge,  Jr.-- 

Dalmanites  cfiUicep/inlus,  Gnien 

Ceraiinis  pleurexanthemus,  Green 

Encrimirus  vigilansy  Hall --- 


7 

X 


X 

X 



X          

% 


Explanation  of  Plate  20. 

Section  1 — A  sketch  section  across  the  strike  from  Lorette  to  Levis  in  a  southeasterly 
direction  (see  also  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  1,  p.  464,  map  accompany- 
ing Dr.  Ells'  paper).  It  includes  the  following  terranes  in  their  geo- 
graphical sequence,  beginning  toward  the  northwest :  a,  Laurentian  or 
Archean ;  b.  Trenton  ;  c.  Utica ;  d.  Lorraine  (Hudson  River  of  most 
geologists);  e.  Quebec  (new  terrane,  separate  from  others);  /.  Levis; 
and  ff.  Sillery.  The  last  three,  e,f,  and  g,  form  part  and  parcel  of  the 
fossiliferous  Quebec  group,  while  6,  c,  and  d  form  the  Trenton  group, 
which  are  separated  by  a  fault — the  great  Appalachian  fault  (the  "  Que- 
bec fault "  of  Ells,  or  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Champlain  fault,  or  a  branch 
of  it,  of  other  geologists). 

Section  2 — Sketch  section  at  Montmorency  falls,  across  the  measures  east  of  the  gorge 
and  across  the  Island  of  Orleans.  The  notation  is  the  same  as  in  section 
L  The  Utica  shales  are  much  disturbed  here,  both  in  their  contact  with 
the  Trenton  below  and  with  the  Lorraine  shales  above.  Below  the  hori- 
zontal Trenton,  capping  the  Laurentian  gneiss,  there  are  found  calcareous 
sandstones  of  Trenton  age,  which  have  been  called  Potsdam  "quartzites." 
Adownthrow  fault  passes  in  front  of  the  bluif  over  which  the  waters  fall. 

Section  3 — Sketch  section  across  the  measuies  near  Montcalm  market,  Quebec  'ity, 
showing  the  high  angle  of  dip  and  the  shales  with  limestones  inter- 
stratifled. 

Section  4 — A  general  view  of  the  strata  flanking  the  Citadel  hill  at  the  landslide  of 
1889.  The  structure  there  exhibited  is  that  of  an  inclined  denuded 
anticline. 

Section  5 — Sketch  section  through  the  calcareo-bituminous  rocks  and  compact  shales^ 
with  conglomeratic  cherty  bands  associated,  at  Cote  d'Abraham,  where 
the  monticuliporidiB  have  been  obtained. 

Section  6 — Sketch  section  showing  the  thin,  fissile  and  soft  earthy  shales  of  the  Lor- 
raine terrane — newer  than  the  Utica — inclined  at  a  considerable  angle 
along  the  road  at  Cote  Sauvageau,  west  of  Martelle  tower  no.  4. 

Section  7 — Sketch  section  exhibiting  the  dying  out  of  the  outcrop  of  Lorraine  or 
newer  shales  on  the  edge  or  brow  of  the  hill  near  Martelle  tower  no.  4, 
between  Cote  Sauvageau  (section  6)  and  C6te  de  la  Negresse,  where  a 
series  of  impure  semi-crystalline,  bituminous  and  fossilifuous  limestone 
occurs.  Cote  de  la  Negresse  is  west  of  Cote  d'Abraham.  The  contact 
between  the  two  series  is  very  much  broken  up,  i.  e.,  between  d  and  e. 

Legend, 


a  --=  Laurentian  or  Archean  ; 

b  =  Trenton  terrane 

c  z=z  Utica  terrane 

d  T=  Lorraine  terrane 

e  =  Quebec  terrane 

/  =  Levis  terrane 

y  =  Sillery  terrane 


Tienton  group. 


Quebec  group. 


(500) 


southeasterly 
p  accompany- 
in  their  geo- 
Laurentitin  or 
liver  of  most 
3);  /.  Levis; 

parcel  of  the 
•enton  group, 
It  (the  "Que- 
t,  or  IV  branch 

of  the  gorge 
i  as  in  section 
p  contact  with 
slow  the  hori- 
,nd  calcareous 
"quartzites." 
le  waters  fall. 

Quebec  "ity, 
sstones  inter- 

3  landslide  of 
ined  denuded 

mpact  shales^ 
raham,  where 

1  of  the  Lor- 
lerable  angle 
no.  4. 

Lorraine  or 
I  tower  no.  4, 
■esse,  where  a 
ous  limestone 

The  contact 
:en  d  and  e. 


sua.  GLOL.  SOC.  AM 


VOL.  2.    1 890.  PL  20. 


SECTION  7. 
Lorraine  &  Quebec 

ROCHS 
AUTTLl  WEST  orC&TE  OE  LaNEGRESSE 


Skktch  Sections  in  thk  vicinity  of  Quf.bkc  City,  Canada. 


(500) 


!■■ 


DISCUSSION. 


Dr.  Alfued  R.  C.  Selwyn  :  *  Sir  William  Logan  alone  assigned  the  rocks 
of  the  city  of  Quebec  to  the  L6vis  division  of  his  Quebec  group  ;t  Selwyn 
alone  assigned  the  rocks  of  the  city  of  Quebec  to  the  Hudson-Utica  horizon, 
or  above  the  Trenton,  and  pronounced  tliein,  before  any  fossils  had  been 
found  in  them,  to  be  the  same  as  those  on  the  nortliern  shore  of  the  Island  of 
Orleans,  which  had  been  assigned  by  Logan  to  Hudson-Utica.  Fossils  since 
found  in  the  city  of  Quebec  have  proved  the  correctness,  so  far,  of  Selwyn's 
view.  Whether  Logan  and  Selwyn  are  right  in  placing  these  rocks  above 
the  Trenton  is  thus  the  only  question  now  at  issue. 

Do  the  fossils  determined  by  Mr.  Ami  conclusively  prove  his  contention, 
that  they  are  not  above  but  below?  In  this  connection,  see  "  Geology  of 
Canada,"  1863,  pages  199  to  204,  for  list  of  fossils  and  description. 

Mr.  C.  D.  Walcott  :  Sir  William  Logan,  in  his  original  definition  of  the 
Quebec  group,  divided  it  into  two  parts  in  the  vicinity  of  Quebec.  The 
Point  L6vis  series  consists  of  the  graptolite-bearing  shales  of  Point  Levis, 
with  their  enclosed  conglomerates,  in  which  upper  Cambrian  or  Potsdam 
fossils  were  found,  as  he  supposed,  in  association  with  fossils  of  the  age  of 
the  Calciferous  formation  of  New  York.  Although  no  fossils  were  found  in 
the  rocks  of  Quebec  city  proper  they  were  correlated  with  the  L^vis  series. 
Mr.  Ami  has  now  found  a  fauna  in  the  (Quebec  city  rocks  which  is  distinct 
from  that  of  Point  Levis,  and  I  think  that  there  should  be  two  names,  one 
for  the  rocks  of  Calciferous  age  at  Point  Levis,  and  another  for  the  Quebec 
rocks.  I  think  the  name  Quebec  should  be  restricted  to  the  Quebec  city 
rocks,  which  carry  a  distinct  fauna  from  the  strata  at  Point  Levis,  and  that 
the  name  Levis  should  be  applied  to  the  graptolitic  shales  and  the  lime- 
stones in  which  the  Calciferous  fauna  occurs.  If  Mr.  Ami's  determination 
of  the  fauna  is  correct,  the  horizon  of  the  Quebec  city  rocks  is  that  of  the 
Trenton,  probably  the  lower  Trenton,  and  perhaps  the  upper  portion  of  the 
Chazy  of  the  New  York  section.  As  the  rocks  at  Quebec  are  of  a  peculiar 
physical  development  and  contain  a  peculiar  fauna,  I  would  suggest,  if  ac- 
ceptable to  the  Canadian  geologists,  that  the  name  Quebec  be  restricted  to 
that  series  of  rocks,  and  that  the  Point  Levis  rocks  be  arranged  under  the 
name  Levis. 

For  the  series  of  strata  that  have  been  formerly  included  under  Quebec 
as  about  the  Calciferous-Chazy  horizon,  as  originally  defined  by  Logan, 
which  includes  the  Point  Levis  series,  the  (Quebec  city  series,  the  Phillipsburg 


*  In  a  note  communicRted  to  the  Society. 
f'Geology  of  Ciiniidn,"  18(j:i,  p.  iiol. 


LXXIII-BuM..  Geol.  Soc.  Am.,  Vol.  2,  1890. 


(oOl) 


--*f 


h 


502 


II.    M.    AMI — THE    GICOI-OOY    OF    (il'KBICC. 


limestone  series,  it  might  be  possible,  in  the  absence  of  any  other  name,  to 
call  it  the  Eolian,  from  an  historical  point  of  view.  There  are  strong  objec- 
tions, however,  to  this  name,  and  I  do  not  wish  this  to  be  considered  as  a 
proposal  for  its  use.  Collectively  the  Qnebec,  Levis,  Phillipsburgh,  Cal- 
ciferous,  Chazy  and  other  formations,  occurring  between  strata  of  the  Pots- 
dam and  Trenton  terranes,  can  well  be  assembled  under  the  term  "Cana- 
dian "  as  proposed  by  Professor  J.  D.  Dana. 

Dr.  EzuA  Buainkhd:  I  should  object  to  the  term  Eolian,  since  it  is  not 
a  geographic  term,  but  simply  a  fanciful  name ;  and  I  do  not  consider  it 
applicable  to  the  series  of  rocks  mentioned  by  Mr.  Walcott. 


name,  to 
ng  objec- 
ered  as  a 
irgli,  Cul- 
the  Pots- 
1  "  Cana- 

B  it  is  not 
insider  it 


/l 


